LASIK Eye Surgery

• “To compare the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification - deep sclerectomy (PDS) with absorbable SK-gel or non-absorbable T-flux implantation.”¹

Researchers from Military Health Service Institute, Ophthalmology Department, Warsaw, Poland; have presented an article titled: “Combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma: PDS with absorbable SK-gel implant compared with PDS with non-absorbable T-flux implant - medium-term results.”

The researchers from Warsaw, Poland, have concluded:

• “In the case of SK-gel and T-flux application, PDS demonstrates similar efficacy and safety although the qualified success rate in the case of PDS with T-flux is significantly lower after a 24-month follow-up.”
• “The study does not indicate the cause of the observed changes but the nature of the intrascleral lake created by the implants used and its role in IOP regulation may be essential.”

The researchers from Warsaw, Poland, have also noted:

• “The study involved eyes after PDS with SK-gel (32 eyes) and T-flux (20 eyes).”
• “Primary open angle glaucoma without satisfying intraocular pressure (IOP) control (>/=21 mmHg) despite maximally tolerated medication or with progression of the visual field and cataract was the indication for surgery.”
• “The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, anterior and posterior segments of the eye, and number of antiglaucoma medications were examined.”
• “Follow-up examinations were performed on days 1 and 7, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.”
• “A complete success rate was defined as IOP </=18 mmHg without and qualified success as IOP </=18 mmHg with or without antiglaucoma medications.”
• “After a 24-month follow-up, mean IOP decreased in the SK-gel group from 20.9 +/- 6.1 to 13.8 +/- 2.1 mmHg (P = 0.000012) and in the T-flux group from 21.1 +/- 6.2 to 14.1 +/- 1.9 mmHg (P = 0.000006).”
• “There was no statistically significant difference between the number of antiglaucoma medications used in either group (P = 0.389).”
• “Complete success rates were 69.8% and 61.3%, respectively (P = 0.064) and qualified success rates were 93.2% and 84.1%, respectively (P = 0.034).”
• “There were no significant differences in complications between the two groups.”
• “Despite the obtained statistical differences between the investigated groups in the scope of the qualified success rate, the result should not be treated as reliable from a clinical point of view.”
• “The influence of the kind of implant on the obtained result and the nature of the decompression space would require confirmation by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and by analysis of histological specimens but these were not performed.”
• “It should also be noted that the groups were not numerous.”

(1) Rękas M, Lewczuk K, Fuksińska B, Rudowicz J, Pawlik R, Stankiewicz A: Combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma: PDS with absorbable SK-gel implant compared with PDS with non-absorbable T-flux implant - medium-term results. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Mar 15; (Article in Press)

Tags: absorbable absorbable gel implant absorbable SK-gel anterior antiglaucoma antiglaucoma medications biomicroscopy cataract and glaucoma cataracts combined surgery compare comparison complications decompression deep sclerectomy eye gel eye implants eye surgery gel implant glaucoma implant indication intraocular pressure intraocular pressure control intrascleral lake IOP regulation kind of implant maximally medication medium-term Military Health Service Institute non-absorbable non-absorbable implant Ophthalmology Department phacoemulsification Poland posterior primary open angle glaucoma progression qualified segments space success rate T-flux implantation the eye tolerated ultrasound visual field Warsaw

• “A fluoroquinolone/glucocorticoid combination for the treatment of bacterial keratitis in the form of mucoadhesive nanoparticle suspensions was developed to prolong the release and improve patient compliance.”¹
• “Gatifloxacin/prednisolone loaded nanoparticles were prepared using Eudragit RS 100 and RL 100 and coated with the bioadhesive polymer, hyaluronic acid.”

Researchers from Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt; have presented an article titled: “Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles as Carrier Systems for Prolonged Ocular Delivery of Gatifloxacin/Prednisolone Bitherapy.”

The researchers from Cairo, Egypt; have also noted:

• “FT-IR and DSC studies revealed no interaction between gatifloxacin and prednisolone.”
• “The effects of the drug:polymer ratio (D:P) and the RS/RL ratio were studied.”
• “The obtained nanoparticles were distinct and spherical with a solid dense structure.”
• “They have average particle size range of 315.2 to 973.65 nm.”
• “Increasing the D:P ratio significantly lowered the entrapment efficiency for both drugs (p < 0.05).”
• “The nanoparticle suspensions revealed significantly prolonged drug release comparing to the free drugs (p < 0.05) with no burst effect.”
• “Increasing the polymer concentration and the Eudragit RS ratio significantly decreased the release efficiency values.”
• “Gatifloxacin showed anomalous release (n = 0.4943) from 1:1 D:P ratio nanoparticle suspension and Fickian diffusion mechanism (n < 0.45) from formulas prepared at higher D:P ratios.”
• “Gatifloxacin showed better bioavailability and sustained action in aqueous humor and corneal tissue from the nanoparticles compared to the commercial eye drops.”
• “The resulting nanoparticle suspension is promising in reducing dose frequency and improving patient compliance.”

(1) Ibrahim HK, El-Leithy IS, Makky AA: Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles as Carrier Systems for Prolonged Ocular Delivery of Gatifloxacin/Prednisolone Bitherapy. Mol Pharm. 2010 Mar 15; (Article in Press)

Tags: Ain Helwan anomalous release aqueous humor average particle size bacterial keratitis bioadhesive polymer bioavailability Cairo Cairo University carrier systems coated combination commercial eye drops corneal tissue Department of Pharmaceutics Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy distinct dose frequency drug polymer ratio Egypt entrapment efficiency eye drops Faculty of Pharmacy fluoroquinolone gatifloxacin glucocorticoid Helwan Helwan University humor hyaluronic acid loaded nanoparticles mucoadhesive mucoadhesive nanoparticle mucoadhesive nanoparticle suspensions mucoadhesive nanoparticles nanoparticle nanoparticle suspension nanoparticles polymer concentration prednisolone prolong prolonged ocular delivery of gatifloxacin prednisolone bitherapy prolonged release reducing release significantly prolonged solid dense structure spherical sustained action sustained drug release sustained release treatment

• “KMeyeDB (http://mutview.dmb.keio.ac.jp/) is a database of human gene mutations that cause eye diseases.”¹

Researchers from Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; have presented an article titled: “KMeyeDB: a graphical database of mutations in genes that cause eye diseases.”

The researchers from Tokyo, Japan, have also noted:

• “We have substantially enriched the amount of data in the database, which now contains information about the mutations of 167 human genes causing eye-related diseases including retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy, night blindness, Oguchi disease, Stargardt disease, macular degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis, corneal dystrophy, cataract, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Usher syndrome.”
• “KMeyeDB is operated using the database software MutationView, which deals with various characters of mutations, gene structure, protein functional domains and PCR primers, as well as clinical data for each case.”
• “Users can access the database using an ordinary internet browser with smooth user-interface, without user registration.”
• “The results are displayed on the graphical windows together with statistical calculations.”
• “All mutations and associated data have been collected from published papers.”
• “Careful data analysis with KMeyeDB revealed many interesting features regarding the mutations in 167 genes that cause 326 different types of eye diseases.”
• “Some genes are involved in multiple types of eye diseases whereas several eye diseases are caused by different mutations in one gene.”

(1) Kawamura T, Ohtsubo M, Mitsuyama S, Ohno-Nakamura S, Shimizu N, Minoshima S: KMeyeDB: a graphical database of mutations in genes that cause eye diseases. Hum Mutat. 2010 Mar 15; (Article in Press)

Tags: 167 human genes amount of data Bardet-Biedl syndrome cataract cause characters of mutations cone-rod dystrophy corneal dystrophy database database of human gene mutations Department of Molecular Biology different mutations in one gene enriched eye diseases eye-related diseases gene mutation gene structure gene therapy genes glaucoma Keio University School of Medicine KMeyeDB Leber congenital amaurosis macular degeneration molecule multiple types mutations night blindness Oguchi disease ordinary internet browser PCR primers protein functional domains retinitis pigmentosa retinoblastoma Shinjuku-ku smooth Stargardt disease statistical calculations substantially Tokyo types of eye diseases. user-interface Usher syndrome

• “… cases of microbial keratitis after LASIK from a tropical climatic zone.”¹

Researchers from the Cornea and Anterior Segment Service and Jhaveri Microbiology Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyperabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; have presented an article titled: “Microbial keratitis after LASIK.”

The researchers from Hyperabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; have concluded:

• “In a tropical region, it is important to consider uncommon organisms such as fungi, Nocardia, and Acanthamoeba as possible etiological agents in keratitis after LASIK.”
• “A detailed microbiology work-up will help in definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment.”

The researchers from Hyperabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; have also noted:

• “… included 17 eyes of 15 patients managed at our center from January 1999 to December 2007.”
• “All patients had a detailed clinical evaluation followed by corneal scrapings.”
• “The material obtained on scraping was subjected to detailed microbiology evaluation.”
• “Initial medical treatment was based on microbiology results and included irrigation of the interface with appropriate antimicrobial solutions.”
• “The flap was amputated in patients who developed flap necrosis.”
• “N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive was applied for gross thinning and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was performed for advanced cases of keratitis.”
• “Mean patient age was 25.8 years (range: 18 to 44 years).”
• “Two patients had undergone unilateral surgery.”
• “Thirteen patients presented with infection in 1 eye and 2 patients had bilateral infection.”
• “The microorganisms isolated were filamentous fungi (4 eyes), Nocardia asteroides (5 eyes), atypical mycobacteria (4 eyes), Acanthamoeba (2 eyes), Corynebacterium (1 eye), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1 eye).”
• “The infection resolved with medical treatment in 6 eyes, medical treatment and flap amputation in 4 eyes, and PK in 4 eyes.”
• “Two patients were lost to follow-up.”
• “Five eyes of 4 patients referred to us within 10 days of symptom onset resolved on medical treatment with final visual acuity ranging from 20/20 to 20/80.”

(1) Garg P, Chaurasia S, Vaddavalli PK, Muralidhar R, Mittal V, Gopinathan U: Microbial keratitis after LASIK. J Refract Surg. 2010 Mar;26(3):209-16. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20100224-07. Epub 2010 Mar 11.

Tags: Acanthamoeba adhesive after LASIK amputated Andhra Pradesh antimicrobial appropriate treatment atypical mycobacteria bilateral infection climate Cornea and Anterior Segment Service corneal scrapings Corynebacterium definitive diagnosis etiological agents filamentous fungi final flap flap amputation flap necrosis fungi gross thinning Hyperabad India infection initial irrigation Jhaveri Microbiology Center keratitis L V Prasad Eye Institute medical treatment microbial keratitis microbiology N-butyl cyanoacrylate Nocardia Nocardia asteroides penetrating keratoplasty solutions Staphylococcus epidermidis symptom onset tissue adhesive tropical tropical climatic zone uncommon uncommon organisms unilateral surgery visual acuity work-up

• “… to appraise contact lens practice and care systems used in Hong Kong between March 2007 and February 2008, and to evaluate the attitude of practitioners towards prescribing different types of contact lenses.”¹

Researchers from the School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; have presented an article titled: “Practitioners’ analysis of contact lens practice in Hong Kong.”

The researchers from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University have concluded:

• “Soft contact lenses continued to dominate the contact lens market in Hong Kong, with silicone hydrogel and daily disposable lenses becoming increasingly popular.”
• “The use of toric and bifocal lenses was still not popular among practitioners.”
• “Multipurpose solutions were still the care systems of choice by practitioners in Hong Kong.”

The researchers from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University have also noted:

• “Questionnaires were sent out to 797 optometrists licensed to fit contact lenses in Hong Kong in March 2008.”
• “The response rate was 27%.”
• “About 20% of contact lens patients (as reported by the respondents) were new wearers.”
• “Over 90% of contact lens patients were wearing soft contact lenses.”
• “Among soft contact lenses, the use of daily disposable and silicone hydrogel lenses had increased from 27% and 3% in 2002 to 37% and 21% in 2008, respectively.”
• “Less than 10% were rigid contact lens wearers.”
• “For astigmats fitted with soft lenses, only about 46% were fitted with toric lenses.”
• “For presbyopes using contact lenses, the majority (57%) were fitted with single vision lenses with over-spectacles, followed by monovision (29%).”
• “The most commonly recommended soft lens disinfecting system was multipurpose solution (74%).”
• “Less than 20% of the respondents reported confidence in prescribing orthokeratology lenses.”

(1) Charm J, Cheung SW, Cho P: Practitioners’ analysis of contact lens practice in Hong Kong. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2010 Mar 10; (Article in Press)

Tags: appraise astigmats attitude attitude of contact lens practitioners attitude of practitioners bifocal contact lenses care systems care systems of choice confidence contact lens market in Hong Kong contact lens patients contact lens practice contact lens survey contact lenses in Hong Kong contacts daily disposable lenses daily disposable soft contact lenses different types of contact lenses dominate fit contact lenses i hard contact lenses Hong Kong Hong Kong Polytechnic University increasingly popular Kowloon monovision most commonly recommended multipurpose solutions new wearers optometrists orthokeratology lenses over-spectacles poluarity practitioners analysis presbyopes u prescribing questionnaire response rate rigid contact lens wearers School of Optometry silicone hydrogel silicone hydrogel contact lenses single vision lenses soft contact lenses soft lens disinfecting system toric lenses use of daily disposable lenses wearing soft contact lenses

• “… rare case ofophthalmoplegic migraine associated with isolated, recurrent unilateral eyelid ptosis in a 10-year-old girl.”¹

Researchers from Sisli Etfal Education And Research Hospital, Eye Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey; have presented an article titled: “Ophthalmoplegic migraine associated with recurrent isolated ptosis.”

The researchers from Sisli Etfal Education And Research Hospital, Eye Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey; have also noted:

• “Labrotory test, pediatric and pediatric neurological examinations and imaging were normal.”
• “Recurrent isolated ptosis is a very rare manifestation of ophthalmoplegic migraine.”
• “Its recognition saves patient from unnecessary tests and interventions.”

(1) Gulkilik G, Cagatay HH, Oba EM, Uslu C: Ophthalmoplegic migraine associated with recurrent isolated ptosis. Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie). 2009 Fall-Winter;41(3-4):206-7.

Tags: 10-year-old girl drooping eyelid examinations Eye Clinic eyelid eyelid ptosis imaging interventions isolated Istanbul migraine normal ophthalmoplegic migraine pediatric pediatric neurological ptosis rare case recognition recurrent recurrent isolated ptosis Sisli Etfal Education And Research Hospital Turkey unilateral unnecessary tests very rare very rare manifestation

• “Analogues of N,N-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazine-1-sulfonamide possessing a free radical scavenger group (FRS), chelating groups (CHL), or both (FRS + CHL) have been synthesized.”¹

Researchers from College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; have presented an article titled: “Multifunctional antioxidants for the treatment of age-related diseases.”

The researchers from Omaha, Nebraska, have also noted:

• “Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry studies indicate that select members of this series bind ions in the relative order of Cu(1+) = Cu(2+) > Fe(2+) = Fe(3+) > Zn(2+) with no binding of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) observed.”
• “In vitro evaluation of these compounds in human lens epithelial, human retinal pigmented epithelial, and human hippocampal astrocyte cell lines indicates that all analogues possessing the FRS group as well as the water-soluble vitamin E analogue 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid protect these cells against decreased cell viability and glutathione levels induced by hydrogen peroxide.”
• “In addition, those compounds possessing CHL groups also protected these cells against hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction.”
• “These compounds are good candidates for the preventive treatment of cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD).”

(1) Jin H, Randazzo J, Zhang P, Kador PF: Multifunctional antioxidants for the treatment of age-related diseases. J Med Chem. 2010 Feb 11;53(3):1117-27.

Tags: age-related diseases age-related macular degeneration aging Alzheimers dementia Alzheimers disease analogues anti-aging anti-oxidants bind ions Ca(2) calcium cataract cell lines cell viability chelating chelation CHL groups College of Pharmacy copper Cu(1) Cu(2) decreased electrospray Fe(2) Fe(3) Fenton reaction free radical scavenger FRS group glutathione levels human hippocampal astrocyte human lens epithelial human retinal pigmented epithelial hydrogen peroxide hydroxyl radicals induced ionization iron magnesium mass spectrometry Mg(2) multifunction multifunctional antioxidants Nebraska Omaha preventive treatment protected relative order retina retina cells select members synthesized treatment University of Nebraska Medical Center vitamin E vitamin E analogue water-soluble zinc Zn(2)

• “Oxidative stress is defined as an overflow of oxidative metabolites either in the human body or in a compartment of the body.”¹
• “Today this chemical definition has been slightly modified and encompasses an elevation of oxidative metabolites or a relative deficiency of anti-oxidants.”

Researchers from Augenklinik, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, Germany; have presented an article titled: “Oxidative tissue damage”

The researchers from Klinikum Karlsruhe have also noted:

• “Molecular oxygen is the basis of many highly reactive oxidative species which are able to directly damage or lead to the generation of secondary reactions which then initiate oxidative processes.”
• “The cell has established numerous mechanisms and strategies to antagonise those oxidative processes at different steps.”
• “Many diseases have been shown to be either related to or even be initiated by oxidative processes.”
• “The eye is at high risk to be damaged by oxidative mechanisms.”
• “One major reason is its permanent exposition to oxidative stimuli.”
• “The biochemical composition of ocular structures, especially that of the retina (unsaturated fatty acids), is an important factor making the eye more susceptible as compared to other organs.”
• “Ocular ischaemia, ischaemia or hypoxia of the retina, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are important disease entities that are initiated or propagated by oxidative processes.”
• “Ischaemic processes lead to classical reactions of the oxidative pathway.”
• “This is no longer believed to be the case in diabetic retinopathy.”
• “Here, advanced glycation end products (AGE’s) and related species are able to induce oxidative reactions and the expression of growth factors.”
• “In age-related macular degeneration, photodynamic processes that already occur in childhood are believed to be a major factor contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease process.”
• “In addition, the expression of growth factors and new vessel growth can be initiated via inflammatory reactions or oxidative metabolites.”

(1) Augustin AJ: [Oxidative tissue damage] Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2010 Feb;227(2):90-8. Epub 2010 Feb 12.

Tags: advanced age-related macular degeneration AGEs antagonise anti-oxidants antioxidants Augenklinik biochemical biochemical composition blood vessel growth Bundesland Baden-Württemberg chemical definition childhood classical reactions compared compartment composition damage damaged deficiency diabetic retinopathy directly damage disease process elevation end products exposition expression expression of growth factors fatty acids generation Germany glaucoma glycation growth factors high risk highly reactive human body hypoxia important factor induce oxidative reactions inflammation inflammatory reactions initiate initiated by oxidative processes ischaemia ischaemic processes Karlsruhe Klinikum Karlsruhe major factor major reason mechanisms metabolites modified molecular molecular oxygen molecule more susceptible new vessel growth ocular ischaemia ocular structures organs overflow oxidants oxidative oxidative damage oxidative mechanisms oxidative metabolites oxidative pathway oxidative process initiation oxidative processes oxidative species oxidative stimuli oxidative stress oxidative tissue damage oxygen pathogenesis pathway permanent photodynamic processes propagated reactive oxidative species relative retina secondary reactions stimuli strategies the eye tissue damage unsaturated fatty acids

Oculus3D and uniQoptics have reported an “… agreement to jointly develop and produce the sophisticated OculR™ lens system, a low-cost 3D lens and related print format … ”

More from a Release dated March 15 , sourced from Oculus3D:
Read more »

Tags: 3D lens brightness digital downtime electronic existing lenses film-based 3D projection flawless high volume imaging lenses installed rapidly invention lens system lens systems light output low-cost movie theaters optical problems polarizers precision prime lenses print format projection lenses start ups

• “… a case of macular injury caused by prolonged exposure to a flash from the plasma formed at the focus of a femtosecond laser.”¹

Researchers from Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; have presented an article titled: “Accidental Macular Injury from Prolonged Viewing of a Plasma Flash Produced by a Femtosecond Laser.”

The researchers from Wuhan, Hubei, have concluded:

• “Prolonged viewing of a plasma flash induced by a focused femtosecond laser in the air without eye protection may produce persistent damage to the retina.”
• “The observed macular injury was probably the result of a combination of thermal and photochemical damage.”

The researchers from Wuhan, Hubei, have also noted:

• “A patient with macular injury caused by sustained observation of the plasma flash produced by a femtosecond laser.”
• “The patient was examined with complete ophthalmologic evaluation (including Amsler grid test, funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography [OCT]) at 3 hours, 1 month, and 6 months after injury.”
• “The injured right eye received a retrobulbar injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (TransTon), at 4 hours and at 10 days after injury, respectively.”
• “Three hours after injury, the best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye was 20/30 with a very small relative scotoma nasal to fixation.”
• “Funduscopy disclosed a well-circumscribed, yellow-white spot lesion located immediately temporal to the foveal center.”
• “As time passed, the patient’s vision returned to 20/20 and the scotoma and retinal abnormalities had become less prominent, but were still present.”
• “In the acute stage, OCT showed a hyperreflective lesion involved all foveal retinal layers.”
• “At 1 and 6 months of follow-up, OCT revealed abnormal reflectivity located within the outer foveal retina.”

(1) Yang X, Jiang F, Song Y, Peng C, Sheng S, Li X: Accidental Macular Injury from Prolonged Viewing of a Plasma Flash Produced by a Femtosecond Laser. Ophthalmology. 2010 Mar 2; (Article in Press)

Tags: abnormal Amsler grid test China damage Department of Ophthalmology exposure eye protection femtosecond laser flash fluorescein angiography focus focused foveal center funduscopy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei injury laser laser in teh air macular injury optical coherence tomography outer foveal retina photochemical damage plasma plasma flash prolonged reflectivity retina retrobulbar injection thermal damage Tongji Medical College triamcinolone acetonide Union Hospital Wuhan yellow-white spot lesion